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دلایلِ نامستدل برای شرکت در انتخابات
امیرمسعود عزیز از یکسو، گفته بود که چرا در وبلاگت در مورد مسایل روز نمینویسی (و اخیراً تهدید کرده که آپدیت کنم)؛ از طرف دیگر دوست خوبی، همین چند روز پیش تشویقم کرد که چقدر خوب که وبلاگت سیاسی نیست... بهرحال این یادداشت، تلاشیست برای جمع خواسته های دوستان: گونه ای احترام به مخاطب!
بنظر میرسد، آنچه در تجربة دموکراسی اهمیّت دارد، جدایی حوزة عمومی از دولت (و بعنوان یک پیش فرض: جدایی حوزة خصوصی از حوزة عمومی) است. آنچه محتاجیم، استقلالِ حوزة عمومی از دولت، حضور مردم در گفتگوهای دربارة سیاست و اجتماع، احزاب، مطبوعات و نشریات آزاد و ... است.
گرچه وجود دولت دینی و ایدئولوژیک، مانعی جدّی بر سر راه مشارکت مردم در بعضی حوزه هاست؛ ولی حوزة عمومی نسبتاً باز – و البتّه شکننده – نیاز به تحوّلی در جهت مثبت دارد. انتخاب رییس جمهوری اصلاحطلب، تحوّل حوزة عمومی بسوی استقلال بیشتر را تسریع میکند. آنچه نیاز داریم، تنها رشد اقتصادی نیست. به مدرن شدنی نیازمندیم که در آن فرهنگ مدرن – مدرنیسم – لحاظ شده باشد. بقول دکتر اباذری، شرکت «حماسه آفرین» مردم در یک انتخابات و تحریم آن در روزی دیگر، چندان به فرهنگ مدرنی که دنبالش میکنیم، نزدیک نیست.
ایران، فرانسه نیست؛ ولی بیاد بیاوریم که فوکو علیرغم شدیدترین و رادیکالترین انقادها به نظام حقوقی، سالهایی را صرف تنظیم قانون برای ایجاد اصلاحات در زندانها کرد.
پولانزاس (و اصولاً چپ جدید و طرفداران دموکراسی مشارکتی در مقابل دموکراسی حقوقی) معتقد است که جامعه هم مانند دولت، باید دموکراتیزه شود. دموکراسی، پدیده ای دوسویه است که از یک طرف، شکل قدرت دولت را تغییر میدهد و از سوی دیگر به تجدید ساختار جامعة مدنی میپردازد. جامعة مدنی و دولت باید وابسته بهم متحول شوند. انتخاب رییس جمهوری اصلاحطلب – که به دموکراسی در این معنا میندیشد – به این فرایند یاری میرساند.
وعده «دولت بدون سانسور» معین در این بین، بیشترین اهمیّت را داراست؛ چراکه کمک میکند بین دو سویة دموکراسی، یعنی نیازهای زندگی دموکراتیک عمومی با الزامهای نهادهای دولتی، آشتی ایجاد شود و امکان (تخیلی؟) اعمال حاکمیت مردم بر حکومت را بوجود آورد.
ترک بک
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يادداشتها
Boycott Starbucks
Tuesday, March 20th, 2001
Today Is Boycott Starbucks Day: Activists Stage Protests in Over 100 Cities
http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=03/04/07/0158254
Consumer, environmental, and social justice activists are protesting in front of Starbucks coffee shops in over 100US cities today. Coordinated by the Organic Consumers Association, the protests coincide with Starbucks' annualshareholders meeting in Seattle.
The protests are designed to call attention to a number of issues, including Starbucks' use of genetically engineeredingredients in their brand-name products, as well as the company's refusal to brew and seriously promote Fair Tradecoffee.
Largely due to pressure from the San Francisco-based human rights organization Global Exchange, Starbucks agreed lastyear to sell Fair Trade coffee beans in its stores. Fair Trade certified coffee is guaranteed to have been grownwithout exploiting farmers in the poor countries that produce most of the world's coffee. The deal was hailed as thefirst time the fair trade movement influenced the mass market in the US, previously being limited to a smattering ofspecialty stores and coffees.
http://www.petitiononline.com/sb2002/petition.html
http://www.inminds.co.uk/boycott-starbucks.html
http://www.snopes.com/politics/israel/starbucks.asp
Starbucks didn't remove itself from Israel because it was pro-Arab or anti-Israeli; it did so because this was the business decision that appeared to make the best sense. Although the corporation has given muddled explanations for its pull-out from Israel — sometimes citing the danger of terrorist attacks, sometimes making passing mention of "operational challenges" — the most likely reasons for the retreat were Starbucks' difficulties in dealing with its Israeli partner and the underperformance of their six stores. (Starbucks was a latecomer to an already-saturated Israeli market, didn't adapt well to local market conditions, and offered little to distinguish themselves from their competition except higher prices). As Chief Financial Officer Michael Casey said about the cessation of Starbuck's operations in Israel, "It's a difficult place to do business, as you can imagine. And we've had some disagreements of philosophy with the partner. You put those two together and we just decided it was a good time to stop."
Anonymous | June 6, 2005 08:19 PM
واقعا عالي نوشتي ... اميدوارم خيلي ها بيان اين مطلب را بخونن .
Anonymous | June 6, 2005 08:28 PM
Alongside and connected to the rise of Italian fascism came a revolution in the drinking habits of the Italian public. It might sound peculiar, but what has become known as THE Italian way to brew coffee in the home, Moka Pot (or Stovetop Espresso) Brewing is linked to the social, technological and economic changes that Italian fascism advanced during the 1930’s.
http://www.ineedcoffee.com/03/mokaexpress/
Anonymous | June 6, 2005 10:54 PM
Espresso Basics: Cultural Definition
Defining espresso culturally and historically is more problematic. The taste for a dark, heavy, intense coffee, sweetened and drunk out of little cups, is obviously much older than the espresso machine itself, and may stretch back as far as the first coffeehouses in Cairo, Egypt, established during the early fifteenth century. On the other hand, technology (and the imagery of technology) is also obviously an important element of espresso culture. Although all coffee-making lends itself to technological tinkering, no other coffee culture has applied technology to coffee-making with quite the passion as the Italians have to espresso. The word espresso itself suggests custom-brewing, as in brewed expressly for you, as well as direct, rapid, non-stop, as in express train. Not only has technology been applied enthusiastically to the actual process of brewing espresso, but the imagery of technology, the idea of modernity and speed, also turns up as a major element in espresso's cultural symbolism.
So culturally and historically we have a paradox. On the one hand, espresso as a general taste in coffee-drinking goes back to the very beginnings of coffee as a public beverage. On the other, Italian espresso culture has refined that taste through a technology that flaunts its modernity.
When we turn our attention to the United States, an historical and cultural definition of espresso might emphasize still another set of connotations. Rather than being associated with modernity and a dynamic urbanism, espresso in America has become identified with various alternate cultures, from Europeanized sophisticate nostalgically evoking tradition, to intellectual rebel attacking it.
http://www.coffeereview.com/reference.cfm?ID=189
Anonymous | June 6, 2005 10:57 PM
Sites of Consumption
http://www.rhul.ac.uk/scolar/gg3054/lecture9-notes.html
The Coffee House
1652 - First Coffee House opened in St. Michael's Alley Cornhill
1714 - Over 500 coffee houses
Coffee and the media
Coffee house as symbol of a wider culture of consumption.
Georgian Londoners became city-watchers, self-referential. They relished art and novels, journalism and theatre about themselves and their world. If they were still fascinated by Rome, Jerusalem and Byzantium, they were preoccupied with the challenge of superimposing those mythic cities on the London they knew, of which they were proud and by which they were puzzled. ... The metropolis, Raymond Williams has emphasized, was a new moral arena: 'As London grew, dramatically, in the eighteenth century, it was being intensely observed, as a new kind of landscape, a new kind of society.' Londoners fell in love with themselves.'
Roy Porter (1994), p. 184.
Anonymous | June 6, 2005 11:01 PM
با بودنِ دوستِ خوبی که قبل از من کامنت گذاشته، من نیازی به کامنتگذاشتن نمیبینم!
ابوالفضل | June 6, 2005 11:33 PM
Coffee, Gold and Souls: Commodity chains and environmental change in Papua New Guinea
Project Leader(s):
Paige West
Earth Institute Contact:
Paige West
Locations:
Australia, Papua New Guinea
http://directory.ei.columbia.edu/displayproject.php?projectid=215
Description:
Coffee, gold, and images of souls are three commodities that are produced in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and that bring money into the country. Coffee and gold do so in an obvious way, as commodities in world market exchange; however souls also operate as commodities because missionaries use the image of “pagan” souls in need of saving to raise money to support their work. These three things are also important for bringing what many rural people in PNG see as valued development to their lives. Coffee and gold bring money and Christian missionaries bring Western modernity. For these reasons, many people have begun to grow coffee, have converted to Christianity, and have encouraged gold exploration on their lands. Coffee, gold, and souls are not only means to economic prosperity; they also figure prominently in the way that Papua New Guineans understand themselves as an increasingly modern people.
Coffee production, gold mining, and Christianity also affect the natural environment in PNG. Coffee production and gold mining in obvious ways, through changes tied to shifts in agricultural production and through damage done to natural systems by mines. Conversions to Christianity have less readily apparent effects, but they are profound. Historic religious practices and ideologies in much of PNG were tied to the natural world in terms of actions and beliefs and this often had sustainable resource use as a by product of belief. Now, Christian ideas about the relations between nature and culture, employing the Western "nature / culture" dichotomy, have altered these traditional ways of using resources and understanding social relations with the environment.
Anonymous | June 6, 2005 11:54 PM
آخيش! چه عجب! در جهت شفاف سازي بود ديگه؟!
فاطمه | June 7, 2005 01:34 AM
Baristas of the World, Unite!
You have nothing to lose but your company-mandated cheerfulness.
http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/features/12060/
By Anya Kamenetz
Nothing seems amiss at Starbucks Coffee Store No. 7356, on the southwest corner of Madison Avenue and 36th Street. It has a nice view of a nineteenth-century Gothic Revival church. The familiar aroma of dark-roasted Sumatra curls through the air. Most of the staffers are no older than teenagers, but none betrays the slightest hint of sullenness—or simmering political rage. “Here you go, sweetie,” says a barista in blonde pigtails as she hands a grande iced chai over the counter. You’d never suspect that this little island of repose in the crush of midtown is a revolutionary cell. Unbeknownst to its customers (or “guests,” as they’re called), store No. 7356 birthed the first-ever campaign to unionize a Starbucks—a movement that renegade baristas hope will spread through the chain’s 6,668 other U.S. outlets.
The battle has been heated (in fact, steamed-milk injuries are one of the sticking points). Two workers were hauled off to jail. Others have been warned that union sympathies could cost them their jobs. And now Starbucks—used to PR snags no greater than public furor over $3.95 lattes—must go before the National Labor Relations Board next month on charges of bribery, threats, and other illegal attempts to prevent employees from organizing.
The trouble started
Anonymous | June 7, 2005 06:50 AM
دو تا نکته کوچيک . اوليش که براي آقا ابولفضل هستش . اگه نيازي براي کامنت گذاري نمي بيني پس چرا کامنت گذاشتي.
دوم اينکه من براي شما دو تا ميل و ده بيست تا آفلاين گذاشتم . بد نميشه اگه يه جواب کوچيکي به ما بديد که ما از خواندن اون مطالب به دست شما آگاه (!) بشيم!
فربد | June 7, 2005 06:25 PM
تمام حرفهاي شما درست است ولي حكومت اسلامي قابل اصلاح شدن نيست واين هم انتخابات نيست انتصابات است
Anonymous | June 7, 2005 06:47 PM
BOYCOTT STARBUCKS: YOU MIGHT SAVE A LIFE IN PALESTINE
Despite the current onslaught undertaken by Israel against the
Palestinian people, Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz is fueling an already tense
situation by using inciteful language to “legitimize” Israel’s actions.
Howard Schultz told a crowded temple of Jewish Americans on Seattle's
Capitol Hill in April that the reasons behind the current conflict in
the region fueled from “anti-Semitism”, blatantly ignoring the fact that
Israeli non-compliance with international law calling on it to end its
illegal occupation of Palestinian lands; the systematic assassinations
and targeting of unarmed Palestinian men, women and children; and the
besiegement of the chosen government of the Palestinian people are the
fundamental reasons behind the conflict.
http://www.muslimtents.com/aminahsworld/boycott_starbucks.htm
Anonymous | June 8, 2005 12:00 AM
The Canadian Auto Workers Union is boycotting coffee purchases from non-unionised stores in the multinational Starbucks coffee chain and is calling for all fair minded souls to follow suit.
The union says Starbucks management is going out of its way to block the union's efforts to negotiate a new collective agreement at its unionised outlets, saying no to every proposal they put on the table. June 2002
http://workers.labor.net.au/140/news94_star.html
Anonymous | June 8, 2005 12:04 AM
آقاي شيوا تو رو به خدا اين داستان منو بخونيد!زبونم مو در آورد!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
mehran | June 8, 2005 11:17 AM
سلام دوست گرامي درست است كه ميتوان حوزه فردي را از حوزه عمومي جدا نمود و همانطور كه در متن ارائه نموديد حتي مرتبط بهم دانست ولي گاها در مقطعي از زمان اين دو مقوله آنچنان بهم نزديك مي شود كه نگارنده بدون توجه بدان هيچ گونه وابستگي در درون جامعه بخود احساس نمي كند و همين طور جامعه نسبت بدو. در شرايط كنوني كه بار سياسي بر كل جامعه گسترده شده است و حقوق فردي و عمومي در يك مسير فكري حركت مي كند نگاه و انديشه روشنفكر و نويسنده و نگارش او بدور از اين موضوع دوري فرد از اجتماع و حتي بي توجهي به حقوق فردي خود است. آنچه لازم است نه اينكه در موضع گيري هاي سياسي جامعه دخيل و حركت كنيد بلكه مي توان مسائل اجتماعي حال را از ديدهاي مختلف همچون مسائل روانشناسي ، جامعه شناسي و.....به تصوير كشيد./پاينده باشي
پيام آوران سگال | June 9, 2005 04:59 PM
سلام.در ابتدا بايد دانست كه سانسورهايي كه اكنون انجام مي شود , به چه منظور است و مشكل در چيست؟ مشكل كشور ما و دموكراسي موجود در آن اين سانسور هاي فعلي نمي باشد.بلكه اين ها حواشي قضيه هستند.
نياز كشور در اين برحه ي زماني ,استفاده درست از منابع موجود براي "مدرن" شدن.و همچنين فرهنگ سازي با توجه به قوانين اسلامي و از بين بردن فاصله هاي حزبي و گروهي براي متحد ساختن كشور در جهت توسعه است.
در ضمن بايد دو دمكراسي موجود را از هم تمييز داد .كه يكي از اين دو با نام دموكراسي و با تحقق بي بند و باري وديگري به معناي آزادي فكري به همراه تعليمات صحيح در كشور است.
حسین | June 12, 2005 11:34 AM